Patologiczna obsesja w relacjach intymnych – charakterystyka zjawiska uporczywego nękania
Słowa kluczowe:
stakling, stalker, uporczywe nękanie, obsesyjna miłość, obsesyjne podążanieAbstrakt
Stalking w polskiej terminologii określany jest jako „uporczywe nękanie”, „obsesyjne podążanie”, patologia miłości czy rodzaj emocjonalnego i psychicznego prześladowania. Zjawisko to oznacza świadome, celowe i złośliwe prześladowanie drugiej osoby, co niszczy jej poczucie bezpieczeństwa i budzi strach oraz poczucie zagrożenia. Stalker to określenie stosowane dla sprawców prezentujących tego typu zachowania. Zachowania prezentowane przez sprawców są zróżnicowane tj. od uznawanych przez postronnego obserwatora jako niegroźne i nieszkodliwe m.in. dawanie niechcianych prezentów, kwiatów, czy wysyłanie listów, e-maili; po jawne grożenie ofierze, czy akty przemocy. W skrajnych przypadkach zachowania stalkera mogą doprowadzić do gwałtu, czy nawet zabicia ofiary. Eksploracja tego złożonego zjawiska jest szczególnie ważna z uwagi na szereg negatywnych konsekwencji zdrowotnych, psychospołecznych i ekonomicznych, jakie ma ono dla ofiar. Celem artykułu jest integracja wiedzy teoretycznej i empirycznej dotyczącej problematyki uporczywego nękania. W artykule zaprezentowano charakterystykę i typologie sprawców tego przestępstwa, teorie wyjaśniające jego przyczyny oraz jego wielowymiarowe konsekwencje dla ofiar obsesyjnego prześladowania.Bibliografia
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Douglas, K.S., & Dutton, D.G. (2001). Assessing the link between stalking and domestic violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 519-546.
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Duntley, J.D., & Buss, D.M. (2010). The evolution of stalking. Sex Roles, 66, 311-327.
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Fisher, B.S., Coker, A.L., Garcia, L.S., Williams, C.M., Clear, E.R., & Cook-Craig, P.G. (2014). Statewide estimates of stalking among high school students in Kentucky: Demographic profile and sex differences. Violence Against Women, 20 (10), 1258-1279.
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Hirtenlehner, H., Starzer, B., & Weber, C. (2012). A differential phenomenology of stalking: Using latent class analysis to identify different types of stalking victimization. International Review of Victimology, 18, 207-227.
Holka-Pokorska, J., & Jarema, M. (2014). Oksytocynowy model powstawania objawów psychotycznych a implikacje dla badań nad rolą systemu oksytocynergicznego w schizofrenii. Psychiatria Polska, 48 (1), 19-33.
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Jagessar, J.D.H., & Sheridan, L.P. (2004). Stalking Perceptions and Experiencesacross Two Cultures, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31 (1), 97-119.
Kamphuis, J.H., & Emmelkamp, P.M. (2001). Traumatic distress among support-seeking female victims of stalking. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158 (5), 795-798.
Katz, J., & Rich, H. (2015). Partner Covictimization and Post-Breakup Stalking, Pursuit, and Violence: A Retrospective Study of College Women. Journal of Family Violence, 30, 189-199.
Korkodeilou, J. (2016). No Place to Hide’: Stalking victimisation and its psycho-social effects, International Review Victimology. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40774/. Dostęp: 01.09.2017.
Korkodeilou, J. (2014). Dealing with the unknown: Learning from stalking victims’ experience. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 16 (4), 253-268.
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Kubicka, D., & Kołodziejczyk, A. (2007). Psychologia wpływu mediów. Wybrane teorie, metody, badania, część I. Kraków: Impuls.
Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., & Rohling, M. (2000). Negative family-of-origin experiences: Are they associated with perpetrating unwanted pursuit behaviors? Violence and Victims, 15, 459-471.
Leitz, M.A., & Theriot, M.T. (2005). Adolescent Stalking: A Review. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 2 (3-4), 97-112.
Lau, K.S.-L., & Paulhus, D.L. (2010). Profiling the Romantic Stalker. From the Eye of the Stalker: Personality Profiling of Self-Reported Stalkers. University of British Columbia.
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2017-12-01
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Tomaszek, K. (2017). Patologiczna obsesja w relacjach intymnych – charakterystyka zjawiska uporczywego nękania. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica, 10(1), 161–188. Pobrano z https://studia-psychologica.uken.krakow.pl/article/view/5645
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