The Anatomy of Friendship. The Issue of Equivalence in Friendships Between Men and Women
Keywords:
friendship, sex differencesAbstract
Close friendship is one of the most fundamental issues in psychology. The quality of close friendships is one of the essential conditions of mental health. Close friendships generate space to achieve the most fundamental human needs. The results of this empirical research allow us to discuss differences in the quality of friendships between men and women and to derive important conclusions. The issue was treated from an exploratory perspective.References
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Burleson, B.R. (2003). The experience and effects of emotional support. Personal Relationships, 10, 1-23.
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Devere, H. (2014). The many meanings of friendship. The Journal of Friendship Studies, 2, 1-3.
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Fischer, J., Narus, L. (1981). Sex roles and intimacy in same sex and other sex relationships. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5, 444-455.
Floyd, K. (1997). Communicating affection in dyadic relationships: An assessment of behavior and expectancies. Communication Quarterly, 45, 68-80.
Hayduk, L.A. (1983). Personal space: Where we now stand. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 293-335.
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Prusiński, T. (2015). Trudności z badaniem przyjaźni. Psychologiczne i społeczne wymiary współczesnych relacji przyjacielskich. Fides et Ratio, 23, 21-32.
Prusiński, T. (2016). Intensywne relacje interpersonalne w rzeczywistości kryzysu. Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 2, w druku.
Rawlins, W.K. (2009). The compass of friendship: Narratives, identities, and dialogues. Los Angeles - London: SAGE Publications.
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Requena, F. (1995). Friendship and subjective well-being in Spain: A cross-national comparison with the United States. Social Indicator Research, 35, 3.
Rivera, F., Garcia-Moya, I., Moreno, C., Ramos, P. (2012). Developmental contexts and sense of coherence in adolescence: A systematic review. Journal of Health Psychology, 18, 800- 812.
Rubin, L.B. (1985). Just friends: The role of relationship in our lives. New York: Harper and Row.
Sawicka, M. (2015). Psychologia kryzysu. Warszawa: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Wykład nieopublikowany.
Seligman, M. (2005). Prawdziwe szczęście. Poznań: Media Rodzina.
Sheets, V.L., Lugar, R. (2005). Friendship and gender in Russia and the United States. Sex Roles, 52 (1-2), 131-140.
Skarżyńska, K. (2002). Przyjaźń to robienie sobie nawzajem dobrych rzeczy. Charaktery, 2, 10-12.
Smykowski, B. (2004). Wczesna dorosłość - szanse rozwoju. Remedium, 2 (132), 4-5.
Szarota, P. (2014). Przyjaźń pod mikroskopem. Problemy metodologiczne w badaniach nad funkcjonowaniem relacji przyjacielskich. Psychologia Społeczna, 28, 28-36.
Szarota, P., Cantarero, K., Matsumoto, D. (2015). Emotional frankness and friendship in Polish culture. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46 (2), 181-185.
Szczepańska M., Gaweł-Luty E. (2009). Przyjaźń jako wartość w relacjach dzieci i młodzieży. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls.
Triandis, H.C., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M.J., Asai, M., Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323-338.
Uchino, B.N. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Unger, R., Crawford, M. (1992). Women and gender: A feminist psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Veronneau, M.H., Dishion, T.J. (2011). Middle school friendships and academic achievement in early adolescence: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Early Adolescence, 31 (1), 99-124.
Vigil, J.M. (2007). Asymmetries in the friendship preferences and social styles of men and women. Human Nature, 18, 143-161.
Wood, J.T., Inman, C.C. (1993). In a different mode: Masculine styles of communicating closeness. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 21, 279-295.
Altman, I., Taylor, D.A. (1973). Social penetration. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston.
Aranowska, E. (2005). Pomiar ilościowy w psychologii: od klasycznej teorii testów do podstaw teorii testów dla pojęć rozmytych. Warszawa: Scholar.
Argyle, M. (1999). Psychologia stosunków międzyludzkich. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Argyle, M., Henderson, M. (1985). The anatomy of relationships. London: Heinemann.
Arunkumar, T.S., Dharmangadan, B. (2001). The FIMS: Friendship Intensity Measurement Scale. Psychological Studies, 46, 58-62.
Bank, B.J., Hansford, S.L. (2000). Gender and friendship: Why are men’s best same-sex friendships less intimate and supportive? Personal Relationships, 7, 1-23.
Bedyńska, S., Cypryańska, M. (2013). Drogowskaz statystyczny I. Warszawa: Sedno.
Bell, R.P. (1981). Worlds of friendship. Beverly Hills: SAGE Publications.
Berman, J.J., Murphy-Berman, V., Pachauri, A. (1988). Sex differences in friendship patterns in India and in the United States. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 9, 61-71.
Burleson, B.R. (2003). The experience and effects of emotional support. Personal Relationships, 10, 1-23.
Camarena, P., Sarigiani, P., Peterson, A. (1990). Gender-specific pathways to intimacy in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19, 19-32.
Coolahan, K. Fantuzzo, J., Mendez, J., McDermott, P. (2000). Preschool peer interactions and readiness to learn: Relationships between classroom peer play and learning behaviors and conduct. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 458-465.
Davis, K.E. (1985). Near and dear: Friendship and love compared. Psychology Today, 19, 22-30.
Devere, H. (2014). The many meanings of friendship. The Journal of Friendship Studies, 2, 1-3.
Dwyer, D. (2005). Bliskie relacje interpersonalne, przeł. M. Trzebiatowska. Gdańsk: GWP.
Erikson, E. (2012). Dopełniony cykl życia, przeł. A. Gomola. Gliwice: Helion.
Fehr, B. (1996). Friendship processes. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.
Fehr, B. (2004). Intimacy expectations in same-sex friendships: A prototype interaction-pattern model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 265-284.
Fischer, J., Narus, L. (1981). Sex roles and intimacy in same sex and other sex relationships. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5, 444-455.
Floyd, K. (1997). Communicating affection in dyadic relationships: An assessment of behavior and expectancies. Communication Quarterly, 45, 68-80.
Hayduk, L.A. (1983). Personal space: Where we now stand. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 293-335.
Hojjat, M., Moyer, A. (2016). The psychology of friendship. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ikporukpo, A.B. (2015). Enhancing friendship-making ability of peer rejected adolescents through social skills training. Ife Psychologia, 23, 157-167.
Jacobson, L.T., Burdsal, C.A. (2012). Academic performance in middle school friendship: Friendship influences. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 2 (3), 1-12.
Konarski, R. (2016). Modele równań strukturalnych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
McAndrew, F., Rybak, A. (2006). How do we decide whom our friends are? Defining levels of friendship in Poland and the United States. Journal of Social Psychology, 146, 147-163.
Mikami, A.Y. (2010). The Importance of Friendship for Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13, 181-198.
Mikami, A.Y., Henshaw, P. (2003). Buffers of peer rejection among girls with and without ADHD: The role of popularity with adults and goal-directed solitary play. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 3, 381-397.
Mikułowski, J. (2011). Trudności przyjaźni. W: A. Hennel-Brzozowska (red.), Wychowanie do przyjaźni: od idei do praxis (s. 33-37). Kraków: Secesja.
Monsour, M. (2002). Women and men as friends: Relationships across the life span in the 21st century. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pahl, R. (2008). Przyjaźń - społeczne spoiwo współczesnego społeczeństwa? W: P. Sztompka, M. Bogunia-Borowska (red.), Socjologia codzienności (s. 160-180). Kraków: Znak.
Patterson, B., Bettini, L., Nussbaum, F. (1993). The meaning of friendship across the life span: Two studies. Communication Quarterly, 41, 145-160.
Prusiński, T. (2015). Trudności z badaniem przyjaźni. Psychologiczne i społeczne wymiary współczesnych relacji przyjacielskich. Fides et Ratio, 23, 21-32.
Prusiński, T. (2016). Intensywne relacje interpersonalne w rzeczywistości kryzysu. Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 2, w druku.
Rawlins, W.K. (2009). The compass of friendship: Narratives, identities, and dialogues. Los Angeles - London: SAGE Publications.
Reis, H.T. (1998). Gender differences in intimacy and related behaviors: context and process. W: D.L. Canary, K. Dindia (red.), Sex differences and similarities in communication (s. 203- 231). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Requena, F. (1995). Friendship and subjective well-being in Spain: A cross-national comparison with the United States. Social Indicator Research, 35, 3.
Rivera, F., Garcia-Moya, I., Moreno, C., Ramos, P. (2012). Developmental contexts and sense of coherence in adolescence: A systematic review. Journal of Health Psychology, 18, 800- 812.
Rubin, L.B. (1985). Just friends: The role of relationship in our lives. New York: Harper and Row.
Sawicka, M. (2015). Psychologia kryzysu. Warszawa: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Wykład nieopublikowany.
Seligman, M. (2005). Prawdziwe szczęście. Poznań: Media Rodzina.
Sheets, V.L., Lugar, R. (2005). Friendship and gender in Russia and the United States. Sex Roles, 52 (1-2), 131-140.
Skarżyńska, K. (2002). Przyjaźń to robienie sobie nawzajem dobrych rzeczy. Charaktery, 2, 10-12.
Smykowski, B. (2004). Wczesna dorosłość - szanse rozwoju. Remedium, 2 (132), 4-5.
Szarota, P. (2014). Przyjaźń pod mikroskopem. Problemy metodologiczne w badaniach nad funkcjonowaniem relacji przyjacielskich. Psychologia Społeczna, 28, 28-36.
Szarota, P., Cantarero, K., Matsumoto, D. (2015). Emotional frankness and friendship in Polish culture. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46 (2), 181-185.
Szczepańska M., Gaweł-Luty E. (2009). Przyjaźń jako wartość w relacjach dzieci i młodzieży. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls.
Triandis, H.C., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M.J., Asai, M., Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323-338.
Uchino, B.N. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Unger, R., Crawford, M. (1992). Women and gender: A feminist psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Veronneau, M.H., Dishion, T.J. (2011). Middle school friendships and academic achievement in early adolescence: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Early Adolescence, 31 (1), 99-124.
Vigil, J.M. (2007). Asymmetries in the friendship preferences and social styles of men and women. Human Nature, 18, 143-161.
Wood, J.T., Inman, C.C. (1993). In a different mode: Masculine styles of communicating closeness. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 21, 279-295.
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2016-12-01
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Prusińki, T. (2016). The Anatomy of Friendship. The Issue of Equivalence in Friendships Between Men and Women. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica, 9(1), 209–225. Retrieved from https://studia-psychologica.uken.krakow.pl/article/view/5633
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