Cinematherapy as an Instrument of Psychological Change: Possible Mechanisms and Application
Keywords:
cinematherapy, art therapy, psychological change, psychotherapy, psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapyAbstract
Cinematherapy is a new therapeutic technique, classified as a form of art therapy. Its mechanisms have been described mostly in psychodynamic categories, such as identification, catharsis or insight. This article aims to present the variety of psychological mechanisms that are engaged in the potential efficacy of using films in psychotherapy. These include both the mechanisms described in psychodynamic theories, and the ones that are postulated in Bandura’s social cognitive theory. This theory underlines the importance of processes of learning new beliefs, expectancies, personal standards, emotional reactions, competencies, and general modification of cognitive schemas, which could be initiated, supported and strengthened by cinematherapy. The article proposes a social cognitive model of cinematherapy, clarifying its procedure and range of usefulness. The article also aims to indicate the potential efficacy of cinematherapy in categories of Prochaski and DiClemente’s transtheoretical model of change.References
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Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Bandura, A. (2007). Teoria społecznego uczenia się. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Berg-Cross, L., Jennings, P., Baruch, R. (1990). Cinematherapy: Theory and application. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 8, 135-156.
Cohen, J.L., Johnson, J.L., Orr, P.P. (2015). Video and filmmaking as psychotherapy: Research and practice. New York: Routledge.
Cousins, M. (2011). The story of film. London: Pavilion Books.
Dermer, Sh.B., Hutchings, J.B. (2000). Utilizing movies in family therapy: Applications for individuals, couples and families. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 163-180.
Gramaglia, C., Abbate-Daga, G., Amianto, F., Brustolin, A., Campisi, S., De-Bacco, C., Fassino, S. (2011). Cinematherapy in the day hospital treatment of patients with eating disorders: Case study and clinical considerations. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 38, 261-266.
Hesley, J.W., Hesley J.G. (2001). Rent two films and let’s talk in the morning: Using popular movies in psychotherapy. New York: Wiley.
Heston, M.L., Kottman, T. (1997). Movies as metaphors: A counseling intervention. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 36, 92-99.
Hogan, S. (2001). Healing arts: The history of art therapy. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Horvath, A.O., Symonds, B.D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149.
Jeon, K.W. (1992). Bibliotherapy for gifted children. The Gifted Child Today, 15, 16-19.
Katz, E. (1946). A brief survey of the use of motion pictures for the treatment of neuropsychiatric patients. Psychiatric Quarterly, 20, 204-216.
Kim, H.G. (2014). Effects of a cinema therapy-based group reminiscence program on depression and ego integrity of nursing home elders, Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23, 233-241.
Kim, S.S. (2013). Comparative study of the therapeutic factors of self-help and interactive cinema therapy. Journal of Japanese and Korean Cinema, 55, 83-126.
Lampropoulos, G.K., Kazantzis, N., Deane, F.P. (2004). Psychologists’ use of motion picture in clinical practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35, 535-541.
Ładecka, I. (2015). Etiuda filmowa jako narzędzie działań profilaktycznych i pracy w grupą. W: A. Lasota, J.L. Franczyk (red.), Socjoterapia dzieci i młodzieży. Diagnoza i metody pracy (s. 176-189). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak.
Marsick, E. (2010). Film selection in a cinematherapy intervention with preadolescents experiencing parental divorce. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 5, 374-388.
McInerney, D.M., McInerney, V. (2002). Educational psychology: Constructing learning. Frenchs Forest: Prentice Hall.
Morawski, C.M. (1997). A role of bibliotherapy is in teacher education. Reading Horizons, 37,243-259.
Moskalenko, S., Heine, S.J. (2003). Watching your troubles away: Television viewing as a stimulus for subjective self-awareness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 76-85.
Niedźwieńska, A. (1995). Geneza, struktura i mechanizmy motywacyjne osobowości w ujęciu Alberta Bandury. W: A. Gałdowa (red.), Współczesne koncepcje osobowości (s. 25-35). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Powell, M.L. (2008). Cinematherapy as a clinical intervention: Theoretical rationale and empirical credibility. Ann Arbor: ProQuest LLC.
Powell, M.L., Newgent, R.A., Lee, S.M. (2006). Group cinematherapy: Using metaphor to enhance adolescent self-esteem. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 33, 247-253.
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 19, 276-288.
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. (1984). The transtheoretical approach: Crossing the traditional boundaries of therapy. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Prochaska, J.O., Norcross J.C. (2006). Systemy psychoterapeutyczne. Analiza transteoretyczna,przeł. D. Golec, A. Tanalska-Dulęba, M. Zakrzewski. Warszawa: Instytut Psychologii Zdrowia, Polskie Towarzystwo Psychologiczne.
Sharp, C., Smith, J.V., Cole A. (2002). Cinematherapy: metaphorically promoting therapeutic change. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 15, 269-276.
Tylikowska, A. (2015). Filmoterapia jako narzędzie wspomagające socjoterapię dzieci i młodzieży. W: A. Lasota, J.L. Franczyk (red.), Socjoterapia dzieci i młodzieży. Diagnoza i metody pracy (s. 147-175). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak.
Wedding, D., Niemiec, R.M. (2003). The clinical use of films in psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 207-215.
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Bandura, A. (2007). Teoria społecznego uczenia się. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Berg-Cross, L., Jennings, P., Baruch, R. (1990). Cinematherapy: Theory and application. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 8, 135-156.
Cohen, J.L., Johnson, J.L., Orr, P.P. (2015). Video and filmmaking as psychotherapy: Research and practice. New York: Routledge.
Cousins, M. (2011). The story of film. London: Pavilion Books.
Dermer, Sh.B., Hutchings, J.B. (2000). Utilizing movies in family therapy: Applications for individuals, couples and families. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 163-180.
Gramaglia, C., Abbate-Daga, G., Amianto, F., Brustolin, A., Campisi, S., De-Bacco, C., Fassino, S. (2011). Cinematherapy in the day hospital treatment of patients with eating disorders: Case study and clinical considerations. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 38, 261-266.
Hesley, J.W., Hesley J.G. (2001). Rent two films and let’s talk in the morning: Using popular movies in psychotherapy. New York: Wiley.
Heston, M.L., Kottman, T. (1997). Movies as metaphors: A counseling intervention. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 36, 92-99.
Hogan, S. (2001). Healing arts: The history of art therapy. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Horvath, A.O., Symonds, B.D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149.
Jeon, K.W. (1992). Bibliotherapy for gifted children. The Gifted Child Today, 15, 16-19.
Katz, E. (1946). A brief survey of the use of motion pictures for the treatment of neuropsychiatric patients. Psychiatric Quarterly, 20, 204-216.
Kim, H.G. (2014). Effects of a cinema therapy-based group reminiscence program on depression and ego integrity of nursing home elders, Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23, 233-241.
Kim, S.S. (2013). Comparative study of the therapeutic factors of self-help and interactive cinema therapy. Journal of Japanese and Korean Cinema, 55, 83-126.
Lampropoulos, G.K., Kazantzis, N., Deane, F.P. (2004). Psychologists’ use of motion picture in clinical practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35, 535-541.
Ładecka, I. (2015). Etiuda filmowa jako narzędzie działań profilaktycznych i pracy w grupą. W: A. Lasota, J.L. Franczyk (red.), Socjoterapia dzieci i młodzieży. Diagnoza i metody pracy (s. 176-189). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak.
Marsick, E. (2010). Film selection in a cinematherapy intervention with preadolescents experiencing parental divorce. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 5, 374-388.
McInerney, D.M., McInerney, V. (2002). Educational psychology: Constructing learning. Frenchs Forest: Prentice Hall.
Morawski, C.M. (1997). A role of bibliotherapy is in teacher education. Reading Horizons, 37,243-259.
Moskalenko, S., Heine, S.J. (2003). Watching your troubles away: Television viewing as a stimulus for subjective self-awareness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 76-85.
Niedźwieńska, A. (1995). Geneza, struktura i mechanizmy motywacyjne osobowości w ujęciu Alberta Bandury. W: A. Gałdowa (red.), Współczesne koncepcje osobowości (s. 25-35). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Powell, M.L. (2008). Cinematherapy as a clinical intervention: Theoretical rationale and empirical credibility. Ann Arbor: ProQuest LLC.
Powell, M.L., Newgent, R.A., Lee, S.M. (2006). Group cinematherapy: Using metaphor to enhance adolescent self-esteem. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 33, 247-253.
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 19, 276-288.
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. (1984). The transtheoretical approach: Crossing the traditional boundaries of therapy. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Prochaska, J.O., Norcross J.C. (2006). Systemy psychoterapeutyczne. Analiza transteoretyczna,przeł. D. Golec, A. Tanalska-Dulęba, M. Zakrzewski. Warszawa: Instytut Psychologii Zdrowia, Polskie Towarzystwo Psychologiczne.
Sharp, C., Smith, J.V., Cole A. (2002). Cinematherapy: metaphorically promoting therapeutic change. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 15, 269-276.
Tylikowska, A. (2015). Filmoterapia jako narzędzie wspomagające socjoterapię dzieci i młodzieży. W: A. Lasota, J.L. Franczyk (red.), Socjoterapia dzieci i młodzieży. Diagnoza i metody pracy (s. 147-175). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak.
Wedding, D., Niemiec, R.M. (2003). The clinical use of films in psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 207-215.
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Published
2016-12-01
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Tylikowska, A. (2016). Cinematherapy as an Instrument of Psychological Change: Possible Mechanisms and Application. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica, 9(1), 127–141. Retrieved from https://studia-psychologica.uken.krakow.pl/article/view/5628
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