Empirical Verification of the Dimensional Approach to Psychopathy
Keywords:
DSM–5, psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, dimensional approach to personality disordersAbstract
There is a large discrepancy between dis-social personality within ICD-10 and psychopathy according to the classical approach of Cleckley and Hare. Unlike DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10, new criteria defining antisocial personality, included in Section III of DSM-5, do not capture criminal behaviour; instead, it focuses on personality traits: increased egocentrism, low empathy, antagonism or disinhibition. The aim of this study was to test a dimensional model, in which psychopathy is conceptualised as a latent trait explained by four predictors: empathy, source of self-esteem, Machiavellianism and sensation seeking. Structural equation modelling shows good measures of the model fit with empirical data.References
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Skodol, A. E. (2012). Personality Disorders in DSM-5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 317-344.
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Walsh, A. i Wu, H. H. (2008). Differentiating antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy, and sociopathy: evolutionary, genetic, neurological, and sociological considerations. Criminal Justice Studies, 21, 135-152.
Wilson, D. S., Near, D. i Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: A Synthesis of the Evolutionary and Psychological Literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 285-299.
Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Zuckerman, M., Buchsbaum, M. S. i Murphy, D. L. (1980). Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 187-214.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Birbaumer, N., Veit, R., Lotze, M., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Grodd, W. i Flor, H. (2005). Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 799-805.
Blair, R. J. R. (1995). A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath. Cognition, 57, 1-29.
Brislin, S. J., Drislane, L. E., Smith, S. T., Edens, J. F. i Patrick, C. J. (2015). Development and validation of Trirchic Psychopathy Scales from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000087
Buckholtz, J. W., Treadway, M. T., Cowan, R. L., Woodward, N. D., Benning, S. D., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Baldwin, R. M., Schwartzman, A. N., Shalby, E. S., Smith, C. E., Cole, D., Kessler, R. M. i Zald, D. H. (2010). Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 419-421.
Christie, R. i Geis, F. L. (1970). Studies in machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M. L. i Bouvrette, A. (2003). Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 894-908.
Drislane, L. E., Patrick, C. J. i Arsal, G. (2014). Clarifying the content coverage of differing psychopathy inventories through reference to the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure. Psychological Assessment, 26, 350-362.
Gierowski, J. K. i Grabski, B. (2011). Zaburzenia osobowości w opiniowaniu sądowym - perspektywa psychiatryczna i psychologiczna. Psychiatria i Psychologia Sądowa, 3, 4-12.
Groth, J. i Cierpiałkowska L. (2012). Pięcioczynnikowy model osobowości a profile psychopatii w grupie nieprzestępczej. Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 18(1),105-116.
Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion. Psychiatric Times, 13, 39-40.
Hare, R. D. (2010). Psychopaci są wśród nas. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.
Johnson, J. A. (1981). The „self-disclosure” and „self-presentation” views of item response dynamics and personality scale validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 761-769.
Krueger, R. F., Skodol, A. E., Livesley, W. J., Shrout, P. E. i Huang, Y. (2007). Synthesizing dimensional and categorical approaches to personality disorders: refining the research agenda for DSM-V Axis II. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16, 65-73.
Lawrance, E. J., Shaw, P., Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S. i David, S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychological Medicine, 34, 911-924.
Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A. i Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 151-158.
Livesley, W. J. (2001). Handbook of personality disorders: Theory, research, and treatment. Guilford Press.
Morrison, D. i Gilbert, P. (2001). Social rank, shame and anger in primary and secondary psychopaths. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 12, 330-356.
Mullins-Nelson, J. L., Salekin, R. T. i Leistico, A. M. R. (2006). Psychopathy, empathy, and perspective-taking ability in a community sample: Implications for the successful psychopathy concept. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 5, 133-149.
Pastwa-Wojciechowska, B. (2014). Podejmowanie zachowań ryzykownych przez osoby o psychopatycznej strukturze osobowości. Rocznik Lubuski, 40, 13-26.
Pastwa-Wojciechowska, B., Kaźmierczak, M. i Błażek, M. (2012). Self-esteem and styles of coping with stress versus strategies of planning in people with psychopathic personality disorders. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 18, 119-124.
Patrick, C. J., Fowles, D. C. i Krueger, R. F. (2009). Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 913-938.
Pilch, I. (2008). Osobowość makiawelisty i jego relacje z ludźmi. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
Pilch, I. (2013). Makiawelizm a psychopatia. Chowanna, 1, 219-234.
Poy, R., Segarra, P., Esteller, A., Lopez, R. i Molto, J. (2014). FFM description of the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy in men and women. Psychological Assessment, 26, 69-76.
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Aharon-Peretz, J. i Perry, D. (2009). Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions. Brain, 132, 617-627.
Skodol, A. E. (2012). Personality Disorders in DSM-5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 317-344.
Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia WHO (2000). Klasyfikacja zaburzeń psychicznych i zaburzeń zachowania w ICD-10. Opisy kliniczne i wskazówki diagnostyczne. Kraków - Warszawa: Uniwersyteckie Wydawnictwo Medyczne „Vesalius”.
Trull, T. J. i Durrett, C. A. (2005). Categorical and dimensional models of personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 355-380.
Walsh, A. i Wu, H. H. (2008). Differentiating antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy, and sociopathy: evolutionary, genetic, neurological, and sociological considerations. Criminal Justice Studies, 21, 135-152.
Wilson, D. S., Near, D. i Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: A Synthesis of the Evolutionary and Psychological Literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 285-299.
Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Zuckerman, M., Buchsbaum, M. S. i Murphy, D. L. (1980). Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 187-214.
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Published
2015-12-01
How to Cite
Nowak, K., & Neckar, J. (2015). Empirical Verification of the Dimensional Approach to Psychopathy. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica, 8(1), 65–78. Retrieved from https://studia-psychologica.uken.krakow.pl/article/view/5613
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