Time Perspective in Healthy Individuals and Patients Suffering from Cancer and Diabetes
Keywords:
time orientation, digestive system cancer, breast cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2Abstract
Introduction: Time orientation can significantly improve health-related prevention behaviour and influence disease outcome through boosting health-oriented behaviour. This study aims to compare time perspective between diabetic and cancerous patients, and healthy people.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 patients (105 healthy, 195 patients: 108 type 2 diabetes and 87 breast and digestive system cancer) aged 20 to 70 years (average age of 45.4 years). The samples were separated into three groups based on a convenience sampling method and were matched in terms of gender, age, education and monthly income. Data was collected through the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI-56) questionnaire and then evaluated with analysis of covariance (F test) followed by Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.Results: The three groups showed different time perspectives (F = 4.213, p < 0.05) and different ranking in time orientation.Conclusion: Our findings show that the disease and its type can significantly impact the time orientation of patients. Therefore, to prevent potential subsequent outcomes, the patients’ time perspective towards disease should be improved, especially under disease conditions.References
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Pelard, J., Apostolidis, T., Ben Soussan, P., Goncalves, A. (2008). Psychosocial approach of the speech of women in metastatic relapse of a breast cancer: The question of temporality. Bulletin du cancer, 95(9), 859-869.
Thorne, S. E., Hislop, T. G., Stajduhar, K., & Oglov, V. (2009). Time-related communication skills from the cancer patient perspective. Psycho-oncology, 18, 500-507.
Van Laarhoven, H. W., Schilderman, J., Verhagen, C. A., Vissers, K. C., & Prins, J. (2011). Perspectives on death and an afterlife in relation to quality of life, depression, and hopelessness in cancer patients without evidence of disease and advanced cancer patients. J. Pain Symptom. Manage., 41(6), 1048-1059.
Wanger, C. V., Semmler, C., Power, E., & Good, A. (2010). What matters when deciding whether to participate in colorectal cancer screening? He moderating role of time perspective. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 15(1), 20-30.
Zambianchi, M., Ricci Bitti, P. E. (2008). Adopting a systemic-interactionist perspective of human development. Psicologia della Salute, 2, 43-62.
Zambianchi, M., Ricci Bitti, P. E., Paola, G. (2010). Time Perspective, personal agenda, and adoption of risk behaviours in adolescence. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, 2, 397-414.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individualdifferences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2008). The Time Paradox. New York: Free Press.
Bitsko, M., Stern, M., Dillon, R., Russell, E. C., & Laver, J. (2008). Happiness and time perspective as potential mediators of quality of life and depression in adolescent cancer. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 50(3), 613-619.
Bjornebekk, G., & Gjesme, T. (2009). Motivation and Temporal Distance: Effect on Cognitive and Affective Manifestations. Psychological Reports, 105, 339-360. Doi: 10.2466/pr0.105.2.
Didarloo, A., Shojaeizadeh, D., Eftekhar Ardebili, H., Niknami, S., Hajizadeh, E., & Alizadeh, M. (2011). Factors Influencing Physical Activity Behavior among Iranian Women with Type 2 Diabetes Using the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action. Diabetes Metab. J., 35(5), 513-522.
Fieulaine, F., & Martinez, F. (2009). Does TP predict influenza vaccination: A longitudinal investigation among French elderly. European Congress of Psychology, Norway.
Gao, Y. J. (2011). Time perspective and life satisfaction among young adults in Taiwan. Social behaviour and personality, 39(6), 729-736.
Ghadimi, M., Rasouli, M., Mahmoodi, M., & Mohammad, K. (2011). Prognostic factors for the survival of patients with esophageal cancer in Northern Iran. J. Res. Med Sci., 16, 1261-1272.
Hamid, N. (2011). Effects of Stress Management Training on Glycemic Control in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 13(4), 346-353. Persian.
Hatamloy-sadabad, M., Babapour-karedin, J., & Porsharifi, H. (2011). The role of general causality orientations on self-care behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of behavioral sciences, 5(3), 245-251.
Leboric, N. (2010). The sovereignty of modern times: different concept of time and the modernist perspective. History and theory, 49, 281-288.
Liniauskaite, A. (2007). Psichologinio laiko klausimynas: psychometrines charakteristikos. Psichologija, 36, 44-59.
Osin, E., Boniwell, I., Linley, P. A., & Ivanchenko, G. (2009). Balanced time perspective in Britain and in Russia. Paper presented at the First World Congress on Positive Psychology, 18-21 June 2009, Philadelphia, USA.
Pelard, J., Apostolidis, T., Ben Soussan, P., Goncalves, A. (2008). Psychosocial approach of the speech of women in metastatic relapse of a breast cancer: The question of temporality. Bulletin du cancer, 95(9), 859-869.
Thorne, S. E., Hislop, T. G., Stajduhar, K., & Oglov, V. (2009). Time-related communication skills from the cancer patient perspective. Psycho-oncology, 18, 500-507.
Van Laarhoven, H. W., Schilderman, J., Verhagen, C. A., Vissers, K. C., & Prins, J. (2011). Perspectives on death and an afterlife in relation to quality of life, depression, and hopelessness in cancer patients without evidence of disease and advanced cancer patients. J. Pain Symptom. Manage., 41(6), 1048-1059.
Wanger, C. V., Semmler, C., Power, E., & Good, A. (2010). What matters when deciding whether to participate in colorectal cancer screening? He moderating role of time perspective. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 15(1), 20-30.
Zambianchi, M., Ricci Bitti, P. E. (2008). Adopting a systemic-interactionist perspective of human development. Psicologia della Salute, 2, 43-62.
Zambianchi, M., Ricci Bitti, P. E., Paola, G. (2010). Time Perspective, personal agenda, and adoption of risk behaviours in adolescence. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, 2, 397-414.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individualdifferences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2008). The Time Paradox. New York: Free Press.
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Published
2013-12-01
How to Cite
Nozari, M. ., Janbabai, G., & Dousti, Y. (2013). Time Perspective in Healthy Individuals and Patients Suffering from Cancer and Diabetes. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica, 6(1), 157–165. Retrieved from https://studia-psychologica.uken.krakow.pl/article/view/5596
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