Associations between Psychosocial Well-being and the Development of Beneficial Time Perspectives
Keywords:
time perspective, well-being, attachment, basic psychological needsAbstract
A growing body of research suggests that some time perspective orientations are more beneficial than others with regard to well-being. However, little is known about the factors affecting the development of these time perspectives. This gap in the research was addressed through two studies. Study 1 (N= 218; M = 29.8 years, SD = 11.45) identified ZTPI past positive (PP) as a beneficial time perspective and past negative (PN) as a detrimental time perspective. Structural equation modelling was then used in Study 2 (N= 443; M = 31.2 years, SD = 13.0) to develop two models of the associations between attachment orientation, basic psychological need satisfaction and PP and PN, respectively. While anxious and avoidant attachment orientation were associated with both PP and PN, the three basic psychological needs were differentially associated. The findings of these studies suggest the importance of early childhood care to the development of beneficial time perspectives.References
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Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: an attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7(2), 147-178.
Boniwell, I., Osin, E., Linley, P. A., & Ivanchenko, G. V. (2010). A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian sample. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 24-40.
Boniwell, I., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2004). Balancing time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 165-178). New Jersey: Wiley.
Boyd, J. N., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2005). Time perspective, health, and risk taking. In A. Strathman & J. Joireman (Eds.), Understanding behaviour in the context of time: Theory, research, and application (pp. 85-107). London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the selfdetermination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernathy, C., & Henry, C. (2008). Time perspective and correlates of wellbeing. Time & Society, 17(1), 47-61.
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of selfreport measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350-365.
Gagne, M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behaviour engagement. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 199-223.
Laghi, F., D’Alessio, M., Pallini, S., & Baiocco, R. (2009). Attachment representations and time perspective in adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 90, 181-194.
La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A Self-Determination Theory perspective on attachment, need fulfilment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367-384.
McHorney, C. A., Ware, J. E, Rogers, W., Raczek, A. E., Lu, J. F. R. (1992). The validity and relative precision of MOS short and long form health status scales and Dartmouth COOP charts: Results from the medical outcomes study. Medical Care, 30(5), 253-265.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Living well: a self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 139-170.
Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
Stolarski, M., Bitner, J. & Zimbardo, P. G. (2011). Time perspective, emotional intelligence and discounting of delayed awards. Time & Society, 20(3), 346-363.
Temple, E. C., & Emmett, S. (2013). Promoting the development of children’s emotional and social wellbeing in early childhood settings: How can we enhance the capability of educators to fulfil role expectations? Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 38(1), 66-72.
Van Beek, W., Kerkhof, A., & Beekman, A. (2011). Time perspective, personality and psychopathology: Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory in psychiatry. Time & Society, 20(3), 364-374.
Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., & Lens, W. (2008). Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction. Work and Stress, 22(3), 277-294.
Ware Jr., J. E., Manning Jr., W. G., Duan, N., Wells, K. B., & Newhouse, J. P. (1984). Health status and the use of outpatient mental health services. American Psychologist, 39, 1090-1100.
Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2012). Comparing three methods to measure a balanced time perspective: The relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies. doi : 10.1007/s10902-012-9322-x.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individualdifferences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271-1288.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2008). The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time. London: Rider Books.
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Published
2013-12-01
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Temple, E. (2013). Associations between Psychosocial Well-being and the Development of Beneficial Time Perspectives. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica, 6(1), 72–87. Retrieved from https://studia-psychologica.uken.krakow.pl/article/view/5591
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