Międzyosobnicze różnice i wewnątrzosobnicza zmienność emocjonalnego dobrostanu: płeć społeczna, perspektywa czasowa i regulacja emocji
Słowa kluczowe:
dobrostan, perspektywa czasowa, regulacja emocjonalnaAbstrakt
Badaniem objęte zostały trajektorie emocjonalnego samopoczucia u tajwańskich studentów obejmujące afekt pozytywny i negatywny przez okres 16 tygodni w ciągu jednego semestru. Zbadano także wpływ różnic płci i profili perspektyw czasowych na wewnątrzosobniczą zmienność tygodniowego afektu, a także powiązania między trendami czasowymi afektów a zastosowaniem dwóch strategii regulacji emocji (powtórnej analizy oraz tłumienia).Dane podłużne pochodzące od 96 studentów zostały zanalizowane za pomocą hierarchicznych modeli liniowych (HLM). Z upływem czasu zwyczajowe stosowanie strategii regulacji emocji, jaką jest powtórna analiza, związane było ze wzrostem samopoczucia emocjonalnego i z afektem pozytywnym, z jednoczesnym spadkiem afektu negatywnego. Odwrotnie, regularne stosowanie strategii tłumienia miało związek ze wzrostem afektu negatywnego w czasie. Główne wnioski wskazały również, że osoby o zrównoważonej perspektywie czasowej charakteryzowały się wyższym stopniem samopoczucia emocjonalnego niż te, które nie wykazywały w początkowej fazie badania zrównoważonej perspektywy czasowej. Płeć i profile perspektywy czasowej zostały ukazane również jako moderatory relacji między zmianami w stosowaniu strategii regulacji emocji w odniesieniu do samopoczucia emocjonalnego.Bibliografia
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Balzarotti, S., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2010). An Italian adaptation of the emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 61-67.
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Boniwell, I., Osin, E., Linley, P. A., & Ivanchenko, G. V. (2010). A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples. Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 24-40.
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Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403-425.
Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008). Time perspective and correlates of well-being. Time & Society, 17(1), 47-61.
Fischer, A. H., Mosquera, P. M. R., van Vianer, A. E. M., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2004). Gender and culture difference in emotion. Emotion, 4(1), 87-94.
Gao,Y. (2011). Time perspective and life satisfaction among young adults in Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(6), 729-736.
Gillander, S., Wild, M., Deighan, C., & Gillanders, D. (2008). Emotion regulation, affect, psychosocial functioning, and well-being in hemodialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 51(4), 651-662.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
Haga, S. M., Kraft, P., & Corby, E. (2009). Emotional regulation: antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 271-291.
Holman, E. A., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2009). The social lang of time: The time perspectivesocial network connection. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 136-147.
Jovanovic, V. (2011). Do humor styles matter in the relationship between personality and subjective well-being? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52(5), 502-507.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2000). Subjective change and its consequences for emotional well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 24(2), 67-84.
Koole, S. L. (2009). The psychology of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 23(1), 4-41.
Kuppens, P., Oravecz, Z., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2010). Feeling change: accounting for individual differences in the temporal dynamics of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(6), 1042-1060.
Lai, Y. (2007). Exploration of relations among optimism/pessimism, coping and positive/negative emotion by hierarchical linear model of the diary method. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Soochow University, Taiwan, ROC.
Liang, E. (2009). A study of the relationship among social support, emotion regulation and life stress of college students. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taiwan, ROC.
Lipovčan, L. K., & Prizmić, Z. (2009). Age and gender differences in affect regulation strategies. Drustvena Istrazivanja, 104, 1075-1088.
McRae, K., Ochsner, K. N. Mauss, I. B., Gabrieli, J. J. D., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Gender differences in emotion regulation: an fMRI study of Cognitive Reappraisal. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 11(2), 143-162.
Meyer, T., Smeets, T., Giesbrecht, T., & Merckelbach, H. (2012). The efficiency of reappraisal and expressive suppression in regulating everyday affective experiences. Psychiatry Research, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012. 05034.
Moore, S. A., Zoellner, L. A., & Mollenholt, N. (2008). Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 993-1000.
Nezlek, J. B., & Kuppens, P. (2008). Regulating positive and negative emotions in daily life. Journal of Personality, 76(30), doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00496.x.
Parkinson, B., & Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect regulation strategies. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 277-303.
Perunovic, W. Q. E., Heller, D., & Rafaeli, E. (2007). Whithin-person changes in the structure of emotion. Psychological Science, 18(7), 607-613.
Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: comparing the impact of savoring and dampening strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 368-373.
Raudenbush, S., & Bryk, A. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., & Congdon, R. (2005). HLM for Windows, Version 6.03. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
Roothman, B., Kirsten, D. K., & Wissing, M. P. (2003). Gender differences in aspects of psychological well-being. South African Journal of Psychology, 33(4), 212-218.
Schimmack, U., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2008). The influence of environment and personality on the affective and cognitive component of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 89(1), 41-60.
Simon, R. W., & Nath, L. E. (2004). Gender and emotion in the United States: do men and women differ in self-reports of feeling and expressive behaviour? American Journal of Sociology, 109(5), 1137-1176.
Spence, G., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2004). Trait emotional intelligence and goal selfregulation: important predictors of emotional well-being? Personality and Individuals Differences, 37, 449-461.
Tu, C. (2004). A study of procrastination: Scale development and related factors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, National Cheng Chi University, Taiwan, ROC.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Webster, J. D. (2011). A new measure of time perspective: Initial psychometric findings for the balanced time perspective scale (BTPS). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 43(2), 111-118.
Wirtz, D., Chiu, C., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2009). What constitutes a good life? Cultural differences in the role of positive and negative affect in subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 1167-1195.
Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2012). Comparing three methods to measure a balanced time perspective: the relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, doi : 10.1007/s10902-012-9322-x.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.
Zimbardo, P., & Boyd, J. (2008). The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time that Will Change Your Life. New York: Free Press.
Bagozzi, E. P., Wong, N., & Yi, Y. (1999). The role of culture and gender in the relationship between positive and negative affect. Cognition and Emotion, 13(6), 641-672.
Balzarotti, S., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2010). An Italian adaptation of the emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 61-67.
Boniwell, I., & Zimbardo, P. (2004). Balancing time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 165-178). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Boniwell, I., Osin, E., Linley, P. A., & Ivanchenko, G. V. (2010). A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples. Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 24-40.
Boyd, J., & Zimbardo, P. (2005). Time perspective, health, and risk taking. In A. Strathman & J. Joireman (Eds.), Understanding behaviour in the context of time: Theory, research, and application (pp. 85-107). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403-425.
Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008). Time perspective and correlates of well-being. Time & Society, 17(1), 47-61.
Fischer, A. H., Mosquera, P. M. R., van Vianer, A. E. M., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2004). Gender and culture difference in emotion. Emotion, 4(1), 87-94.
Gao,Y. (2011). Time perspective and life satisfaction among young adults in Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(6), 729-736.
Gillander, S., Wild, M., Deighan, C., & Gillanders, D. (2008). Emotion regulation, affect, psychosocial functioning, and well-being in hemodialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 51(4), 651-662.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
Haga, S. M., Kraft, P., & Corby, E. (2009). Emotional regulation: antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 271-291.
Holman, E. A., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2009). The social lang of time: The time perspectivesocial network connection. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 136-147.
Jovanovic, V. (2011). Do humor styles matter in the relationship between personality and subjective well-being? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52(5), 502-507.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2000). Subjective change and its consequences for emotional well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 24(2), 67-84.
Koole, S. L. (2009). The psychology of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 23(1), 4-41.
Kuppens, P., Oravecz, Z., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2010). Feeling change: accounting for individual differences in the temporal dynamics of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(6), 1042-1060.
Lai, Y. (2007). Exploration of relations among optimism/pessimism, coping and positive/negative emotion by hierarchical linear model of the diary method. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Soochow University, Taiwan, ROC.
Liang, E. (2009). A study of the relationship among social support, emotion regulation and life stress of college students. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taiwan, ROC.
Lipovčan, L. K., & Prizmić, Z. (2009). Age and gender differences in affect regulation strategies. Drustvena Istrazivanja, 104, 1075-1088.
McRae, K., Ochsner, K. N. Mauss, I. B., Gabrieli, J. J. D., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Gender differences in emotion regulation: an fMRI study of Cognitive Reappraisal. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 11(2), 143-162.
Meyer, T., Smeets, T., Giesbrecht, T., & Merckelbach, H. (2012). The efficiency of reappraisal and expressive suppression in regulating everyday affective experiences. Psychiatry Research, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012. 05034.
Moore, S. A., Zoellner, L. A., & Mollenholt, N. (2008). Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 993-1000.
Nezlek, J. B., & Kuppens, P. (2008). Regulating positive and negative emotions in daily life. Journal of Personality, 76(30), doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00496.x.
Parkinson, B., & Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect regulation strategies. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 277-303.
Perunovic, W. Q. E., Heller, D., & Rafaeli, E. (2007). Whithin-person changes in the structure of emotion. Psychological Science, 18(7), 607-613.
Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: comparing the impact of savoring and dampening strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 368-373.
Raudenbush, S., & Bryk, A. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., & Congdon, R. (2005). HLM for Windows, Version 6.03. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
Roothman, B., Kirsten, D. K., & Wissing, M. P. (2003). Gender differences in aspects of psychological well-being. South African Journal of Psychology, 33(4), 212-218.
Schimmack, U., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2008). The influence of environment and personality on the affective and cognitive component of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 89(1), 41-60.
Simon, R. W., & Nath, L. E. (2004). Gender and emotion in the United States: do men and women differ in self-reports of feeling and expressive behaviour? American Journal of Sociology, 109(5), 1137-1176.
Spence, G., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2004). Trait emotional intelligence and goal selfregulation: important predictors of emotional well-being? Personality and Individuals Differences, 37, 449-461.
Tu, C. (2004). A study of procrastination: Scale development and related factors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, National Cheng Chi University, Taiwan, ROC.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Webster, J. D. (2011). A new measure of time perspective: Initial psychometric findings for the balanced time perspective scale (BTPS). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 43(2), 111-118.
Wirtz, D., Chiu, C., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2009). What constitutes a good life? Cultural differences in the role of positive and negative affect in subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 1167-1195.
Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2012). Comparing three methods to measure a balanced time perspective: the relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, doi : 10.1007/s10902-012-9322-x.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.
Zimbardo, P., & Boyd, J. (2008). The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time that Will Change Your Life. New York: Free Press.
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2013-12-01
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Gao, Y.-J. (2013). Międzyosobnicze różnice i wewnątrzosobnicza zmienność emocjonalnego dobrostanu: płeć społeczna, perspektywa czasowa i regulacja emocji. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica, 6(1), 58–71. Pobrano z https://studia-psychologica.uken.krakow.pl/article/view/5590
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